Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
All HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name=”value”
The href Attribute
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:
The width and height Attributes
HTML images also have width and height attributes, which specifies the width and height of the image:
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">
You will learn more about links and the <a> tag later in this tutorial.
The src Attribute
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The filename of the image source is specified in the src attribute:
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">
The width and height Attributes
HTML images also have width and height attributes, which specifies the width and height of the image:
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">
The width and height are specified in pixels by default; so width=”500″ means 500 pixels wide.
You will learn more about images in our HTML Images chapter.
The alt Attribute
The alt attribute specifies an alternative text to be used, if an image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute can be read by screen readers. This way, someone “listening” to the webpage, e.g. a vision impaired person, can “hear” the element.
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
The alt attribute is also useful if the image cannot be displayed (e.g. if it does not exist):
Example
See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist:
<img src="img_typo.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
The style Attribute
The style attribute is used to specify the styling of an element, like color, font, size etc.
Example
<p style="color:red">This is a paragraph.</p>
You will learn more about styling later in this tutorial, and in our CSS Tutorial.
The lang Attribute
The language of the document can be declared in thetag.The language is declared with the lang attribute.Declaring a language is important for accessibility applications (screen readers) and search engines:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<hhtml lang="en-US">
<body>
</...>
</body>
</html>
The first two letters specify the language (en). If there is a dialect, add two more letters (US).
The lang Attribute
Here, a title attribute is added to the
element. The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the paragraph:
Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>
We Suggest: Use Lowercase Attributes
The HTML5 standard does not require lowercase attribute names.
The title attribute can be written with uppercase or lowercase like title or TITLE.
We Suggest: Quote Attribute Values
The HTML5 standard does not require quotes around attribute values.
The href attribute, demonstrated above, can be written without quotes:
Sometimes it is necessary to use quotes. This example will not display the title attribute correctly, because it contains a space:
We Suggest: Quote Attribute Values
Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can also be used.
In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:
<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>
Or vice versa:
<p title='John 'ShotGun' Nelson'>
Chapter Summary
All HTML elements can have attributes
The title attribute provides additional “tool-tip” information
The href attribute provides address information for links
The width and height attributes provide size information for images
The alt attribute provides text for screen readers
HTML Attributes
Below is an alphabetical list of some attributes often used in HTML, which you will learn more about in this tutorial:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| alt | Specifies an alternative text for an image, when the image cannot be displayed |
| disabled | Specifies that an input element should be disabled |
| href | Specifies the URL (web address) for a link |
| id | Specifies a unique id for an element |
| src | Specifies the URL (web address) for an image |
| style | Specifies an inline CSS style for an element |
| title | Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip) |
A complete list of all attributes for each HTML element, is listed in our: HTML Attribute Reference.